The main objective of this study is to study media consumption habits, perceptions of disinformation, fact-checking behaviors, and the key factors contributing to vulnerability to disinformation among the Georgian-speaking population.
Fieldwork Dates: February 3, 2025 to February 17, 2025.
The main objective of this study is to study media consumption habits, perceptions of disinformation, fact-checking behaviors, and the key factors contributing to vulnerability to disinformation among the Georgian-speaking population.
Fieldwork Dates: February 3, 2025 to February 17, 2025.
Sual mətni: Settlement type
Sual mətni: Gender of the respondent
Sual mətni: Age of the respondent
Sual mətni: There are a number of ethnic groups living in Georgia. Which ethnic group do you consider yourself a part of?
Sual mətni: What is the highest level of education you have achieved to date?
Sual mətni: Do you have a job?
Qeyd: Answer options 'Retired and not working', 'Student and not working', 'Housewife and not working', 'Unemployed', 'Person with disabilities and unable to work', 'Other' were grouped to 'No' and 'Working full or part-time in the public sector (including seasonal work, even if retired/student)', 'Working full or part-time in the private sector (including seasonal work, even if retired/student)', 'Self-employed (including seasonal work, even if retired/student)' were grouped to 'Yes'.
Sual mətni: Which group does your household’s total monthly income fall into, i.e., the take-home income of all household members after income and other taxes, including pensions and social assistance?
Sual mətni: Last year, aside from special events such as weddings or funerals, how often did you attend religious services?
Sual mətni: There are many political parties in Georgia. Which political party is closest to you?
Qeyd: Answer options 'United National Movement' – Strategy Aghmashenebeli (Tinatin Bokuchava, Giorgi Vashadze)', 'Ahali' (Nika Gvaramia, Nika Melia)', 'Girchi – More Freedom' (Zurab Girchi Japaridze)', 'Droa' (Elene Khoshtaria)', 'Lelo' (Mamuka Khazaradze)', 'For the People' (Anna Dolidze)', 'Citizens' (Aleko Elisashvili)', 'Gakharia for Georgia' (Giorgi Gakharia)', 'Girchi (Iago Khvichia)', 'Patriots Alliance of Georgia – Alt-Info (Irma Inashvili, Zurab Makharadze)', 'Labour Party of Georgia (Shalva Natelashvili)' were grouped with 'Other parties'.
Sual mətni: If parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, would you participate?
Sual mətni: How often do you follow the news? By news, we mean any kind of news, including sports, weather, politics, current issues, or any other topic, that you may get in print, on television, radio, or social media.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - I have been using it for a long time
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - I trust the journalists
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - They present news in a balanced way/cover both sides
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - They cite sources/evidence
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - My close contacts (family, friends, relatives) have a positive attitude
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - People I consider authoritative have a positive attitude
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - It gives me a sense of calm and security
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - It aligns with my political views
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: What is the main reason you trust the media you watch most often? - Other
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - The manner of presenting information (style, emotions, tone, etc.) is often as important as its accuracy
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - The authority of the storyteller is often as important as the content of the story
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - A credible media outlet is not always required to provide evidence (e.g., facts, video/photo material, data)
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: What is the most common way you follow the news?
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
Sual mətni: Which TV channel do you primarily use to follow the news? This includes news obtained via television, the internet, social media, or YouTube.
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news.
The question was recoded. Answer options 'Formula', 'Kavkasia', 'Maestro', 'Adjara Television', 'Channel Two (Public Broadcaster)', 'Sezoni TV', 'Objective TV', 'Palitra TV', 'Euronews', 'POSTV', 'Alt-Info', 'AzTV' and 'Armenia TV' were grouped with 'Other'.
Sual mətni: What feeling do you primarily experience when following the news through this television channel (referring to the channel named in the previous question)?
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who follow the news and watch news programs on TV or online.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, what is the most common medium through which false/incorrect news spreads in Georgia?
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - European Union
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - USA
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Russia
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Global War Party/Deep State
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Georgian government/Georgian Dream
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Opposition
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Non-governmental organizations
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Journalists/Media
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Citizens
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, who is most responsible for spreading false/incorrect news in Georgia? - Other
Qeyd: The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, what impact do false/incorrect news have on political events in Georgia - strong, weak, or none at all?
Sual mətni: In your opinion, what impact do false/incorrect news have on relationships between people in Georgia - strong, weak, or none at all?
Sual mətni: Overall, in your opinion, what is the impact of false/incorrect news on Georgia: harmful, beneficial, or none at all?
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - EU integration
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - NATO integration
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Georgia’s international reputation
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Economy
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Education
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Human rights and democracy
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Reputation of the government/Georgian Dream
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Reputation of the opposition
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Relations with Russia
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Peace/avoiding war
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Maintaining order within the country
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Georgian national identity (culture, religion, traditions)
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Social unity/human relationships
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In your opinion, which issues are most harmed by the spread of false/incorrect news? - Other
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who said that false/incorrect news have harmful impact on Georgia.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - In Georgia, lie generally spreads faster than the truth
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - In Georgia, there are media outlets whose news does not require additional verification
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: How often have you suspected that a news story you learned about was false/incorrect?
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - The author/source is suspicious
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - It contradicts already known credible information
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - No source is cited
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - Comments claim the information is false
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - Attached photo/video material is fake (e.g., photoshopped, edited)
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - It contradicts personal experience
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - It contradicts information from close contacts
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - It is presented one-sidedly/does not show the other side’s position
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - The author/source’s position and personal interests are evident
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: In general, what makes you suspect that a news story might be false/incorrect? - Other
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: How often have you verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news?
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Asked close contacts (family, friends, relatives)
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Checked authoritative individuals’ social media
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Searched on Google or another search engine
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Found the original source (official website, politician’s social media, etc.)
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Checked in foreign media
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Checked in other Georgian media
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: When you thought a news story was suspicious, how did you verify it? - Other
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
The answer options were rotating. Respondents were allowed to name up to 3 answers.
Sual mətni: After verification, how often did you find that a news story was indeed false/incorrect?
Qeyd: The question was asked to the respondents who at some level suspected that a news story they learned about was false/incorrect and have verified the accuracy of false/incorrect news.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - It is the citizen’s responsibility not to blindly believe news and to verify its credibility
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - It is the media’s responsibility to spread only credible and verified news
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - It is the state’s responsibility to ensure the spread of credible and verified news
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: How do you feel about supporters of 'Georgian Dream'?
Sual mətni: How do you feel about supporters of the opposition?
Sual mətni: In your opinion, to what extent does or does not 'Georgian Dream' do what is necessary for the country?
Sual mətni: In your opinion, to what extent does or does not the opposition do what is necessary for the country?
Sual mətni: How comfortable would you feel with a friend if you knew they supported 'Georgian Dream'?
Sual mətni: How comfortable would you feel with a friend if you knew they supported the opposition?
Sual mətni: Do you believe that there is a 'Global War Party' that controls major global processes?
Sual mətni: Please indicate on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means “Not true at all” and 5 means “Completely true,” to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements? - State leaders obey a small group of people who actually control global politics
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Please indicate on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means “Not true at all” and 5 means “Completely true,” to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Intelligence services have connections with extraterrestrials but hide this from the public
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Please indicate on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means “Not true at all” and 5 means “Completely true,” to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Viruses and diseases are deliberately spread by certain organizations
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Please indicate on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 means “Not true at all” and 5 means “Completely true,” to what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Technologies are being used on people to control their minds without their own awareness
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Now I will read you several statements, and please assess whether they are true or not - In 2024, Georgia’s foreign trade increased by 8% compared to the previous year
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Now I will read you several statements, and please assess whether they are true or not - In 2024, the EU suspended aid to Georgia amounting to 121 million euros
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Now I will read you several statements, and please assess whether they are true or not - If Georgia joins the EU, it will be required to legalize same-sex marriage
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
Sual mətni: Now I will read you several statements, and please assess whether they are true or not - After the 2024 parliamentary elections, the EU revoked Georgia’s candidate status
Qeyd: The statements were showed in a random order.
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